たら: if; when; after

たら means if; when; after. It is a JLPT N4 Japanese grammar pattern used to express this idea in natural Japanese.

This English meaning is written independently from the source list so it answers the learner question directly: what does たら mean and when should you use it?

What does たら mean?

Use たら when you want to express if; when; after in a Japanese sentence.

Natural translations include:

• if; when; after
• if
• when

How to form たら

Plain past form + ら

Examples of the pattern:

• Plain past form + ら
• たら
• related form: なら

When is たら used?

Use たら in situations like:

• reading or writing JLPT N4-level sentences
• making a sentence more precise than a basic N5 pattern
• recognizing natural grammar in conversation or short passages

Tone and register:

• usually neutral unless the pattern itself is casual, humble, honorific, or written
• common in JLPT N4 grammar study and everyday examples

たら example sentences

• 雨が降ったら、家にいます。 — If it rains, I will stay home.
• 日本に着いたら、電話してください。 — Call me when you arrive in Japan.
• 宿題が終わったら、遊びましょう。 — After you finish your homework, let’s play.
• 安かったら、買います。 — If it is cheap, I will buy it.
• 時間があったら、手伝ってください。 — If you have time, please help.

Nuance of たら

The key nuance is if; when; after in context, not a word-for-word English replacement.

This matters because たら often changes the relationship between actions, people, time, or evidence in the sentence. Read the whole sentence before choosing the English translation.

たら vs なら

Both patterns can appear in related sentences, but they do different jobs.

たら:

• is the target JLPT N4 pattern in this lesson
• focuses on if; when; after

なら:

• is useful for comparison because learners often confuse nearby forms
• may change the tone, evidence, direction, or relationship in the sentence

Quick contrast examples:

• Target pattern: 雨が降ったら、家にいます。 — If it rains, I will stay home.
• Related pattern with なら: compare what changes in evidence, timing, direction, or politeness.

Common mistakes with たら

Watch out for these mistakes:

• Copying a dictionary gloss without checking the sentence context
• Using the wrong verb, adjective, or noun form
• Confusing たら with なら because the English can sound similar

Is たら on the JLPT?

Yes. たら is connected to JLPT N4 grammar in this blog.

That means learners should be able to:

• recognize it in reading
• understand its nuance in context
• use it in simple original sentences

Practice questions for たら

Try making your own sentences with these prompts:

• Write one short sentence using the basic structure.
• Replace the subject, time, or object and keep the same grammar point.
• Compare your sentence with the related pattern above.

Learn たら with Kanjiru

If you want to review たら together with kanji, vocabulary, and other JLPT N4 patterns, Kanjiru helps you practice Japanese in short, focused sessions.

Browse more lessons here:

• All grammar lessons
• JLPT N4 grammar lessons